01 / Selected workMobility · 0→1 service and product

BlueSG

The fleet was ready to grow. The parking model was not.

BlueSG had cars available for growth, but too few places where customers could reliably return them. I led the service and product work for a charger-less parking model, from discovery through launch measurement.

Service DesignProduct DesignUX Research
My role
Lead Product Designer — research, service-design strategy, workshops, user flows, hi-fi design and validation
Scope
Discovery → launch
Focus
Double Diamond · Mobility · 0→1
Evidence status
The launch data showed movement in the reservation funnel and weekly rentals. Prototype evidence came from four usability sessions covering ten tasks, so I treated those findings as directional rather than population-level proof.
BlueSG charger-less parking product experience
Post-launch and usability evidence
+14%weekly rentals within two weeks
64% → 45%home-map to reservation drop
76.59System Usability Scale
01 · Project overview

My role, the team and how success was defined

A short project brief before the detailed story: the setting, my responsibility, the people involved and the outcome we were working towards.

01Business context
BlueSG had EVs available for growth, but dependence on third-party charging locations restricted where the fleet could operate.
02My ownership
I led the Double Diamond from discovery and cross-functional alignment through service design, user flows, prototyping, usability testing and launch measurement.
03Core collaborators
Eight participants across Product, Operations, Management and delivery functions joined the core Assumption Smash and service-definition work.
04Success definition
Expand the parking model, make reservation and return more understandable, protect operational control and improve rental conversion.
02 · Problem

What was happening—and why it mattered

Third-party charging coverage limited where BlueSG vehicles could operate. At the same time, unclear availability and a demanding reservation flow made the fleet feel scarcer than it was. The work had to address the operating model and the customer experience together.

  • Charging-point operators covered too few Singapore locations for fleet growth.
  • Operations teams struggled with abandoned vehicles and return exceptions.
  • The reservation flow produced high drop-off and support volume.
  • Usability and accessibility issues made availability feel worse than it was.

The number of cars was not the main constraint. Customers and operations needed certainty about where those cars could be returned.

03 · Discovery evidence

Evidence that changed how I understood the problem

Behavioural, operational and qualitative evidence did different jobs. Together, they helped define what the team needed to solve before choosing a direction.

01Product analytics

Only 36% of 350K home-map visits progressed to reserving a car or parking location; 64% dropped before reservation.

Design implication

Perceived availability was partly an information and decision-load problem—not only a fleet problem.

02Experience audit

Unclear map states, five competing options and low-readability controls made it harder to choose with confidence.

Design implication

The product needed fewer decisions, clearer availability and stronger accessibility.

03Assumption Smash

Eight cross-functional participants spent 180 minutes exposing unknowns around charging, station operations and reliable end-rental confirmation.

Design implication

The solution had to work as an operational service before it could work as a UI flow.

04 · Service system

What customers saw depended on what happened behind it

The blueprint connects the customer journey, product behaviour and operational responsibilities across the same sequence.

StageCustomerFrontstageBackstage
1 · Discover

Looks for an available car and a workable destination.

Map and station information distinguish what can be reserved and returned.

Availability rules combine vehicle, battery and parking-station states.

2 · Reserve

Chooses a car with confidence that the journey can be completed.

A simplified reservation flow reduces competing choices.

The system holds the correct vehicle and destination conditions.

3 · Drive

Travels with a clear understanding of the return model.

Guidance prepares the customer for a charger-less return.

Operations can see the rental and expected parking location.

4 · Return

Parks and scans the station QR code to confirm the location.

The app guides scan, evidence capture and end-rental confirmation.

The system verifies the station and flags exceptions for operations.

5 · Rebalance

Receives a clear completed-rental state.

A visible confirmation removes ambiguity and repeat attempts.

Operations can manage vehicles, stations and exceptions beyond charging-only locations.

Scroll horizontally on smaller screens to follow the complete service.

Explore the original discovery board
05 · Decision trail

The choices that shaped the work

The artefacts mattered when they helped the team choose. These are the questions, evidence and decisions behind the final direction.

01
Question

Was fleet size really the constraint?

Evidence

BlueSG had vehicles, but charging-site coverage limited where they could operate.

Decision

Expand the service model to charger-less parking rather than treating vehicle acquisition as the answer.

02
Question

How should a return location be confirmed?

Evidence

Hardware options differed in installation effort, cost and lead time.

Decision

Use a QR-based proof of concept as the quickest practical path to reliable end rental.

03
Question

Is this a customer-flow or operations problem?

Evidence

Abandoned vehicles, exceptions and system states crossed customer, product and operations boundaries.

Decision

Design one future-state journey with both user and operational lanes.

06 · Two connected lenses

One problem, viewed through service and product

The operating service and the interface formed one system. Each lens addressed a different part of the same problem.

Service Design

Shaping the ecosystem, hand-offs and operating model.

  • Aligned product, operations and management in an Assumption Smash
  • Mapped the future customer and operations journey together
  • Evaluated end-rental hardware against cost, effort and lead time
  • Designed the operating model for charger-less stations

Product Design

Turning service decisions into clear, usable product behaviour.

  • Reduced cognitive load in discovery and reservation
  • Designed the QR-based end-rental interaction
  • Mapped end-to-end flows and rapid wireframes
  • Validated a functional high-fidelity prototype across 10 tasks
07 · Process

How the work moved from uncertainty to a decision

01

Find the real constraint

A three-hour Assumption Smash with eight people from Product, Operations, Management and delivery separated known facts from guesses. It showed that charging coverage, station operations and end-rental confirmation mattered as much as the number of cars.

02

Agree how the service would work

We mapped the future customer and operations journeys together. Comparing hardware options against cost, installation effort and lead time led to QR confirmation as the most practical proof of concept.

03

Turn service rules into product behaviour

I translated the agreed model into reservation, driving and return flows. Wireframes resolved the main decision points before the team invested in detailed visual design.

04

Test, launch and watch the funnel

Four usability sessions across ten tasks exposed errors and comprehension gaps. After iteration, the shipped journey was instrumented in Mixpanel to track drop-off and time on task.

08 · Validate the design

Usability testing the high-fidelity prototype

I built a fully functional Figma prototype, recruited participants who matched the study criteria and used task-based testing to validate whether people could understand availability, choose a location and move confidently towards a reservation.

01Prototype
A functional high-fidelity Figma prototype covering the critical parking-discovery and reservation journey.
02Participants
Four participants recruited against the study criteria, giving focused qualitative evidence on comprehension and interaction behaviour.
03Test plan
Ten realistic tasks designed to expose uncertainty around selecting a station, understanding availability and progressing to reservation.
04Analysis
I combined observation, task time, errors, task ratings and SUS, then mapped every material issue directly into the next iteration.
<22.5saverage time on task
2.5%user error rate
3.95/5average task rating
76.59System Usability Scale
Finding → iteration

What changed after testing

01
Observed friction

The selected station was easy to lose within a visually dense map.

Design response

Strengthened the selected-location state and surfaced the station name and address as a single, scannable block.

02
Observed friction

Vehicle and parking information competed for attention at the moment of choice.

Design response

Created a clearer information hierarchy, with progressive details for the car and the available parking options.

03
Observed friction

The primary action did not make the consequence of the current selection explicit enough.

Design response

Made the main call to action respond to the selected station or vehicle and kept it consistently visible at the end of the decision path.

With four sessions, I treated the results as directional usability evidence rather than population-level proof. The value was in finding repeated friction quickly, improving the design and pairing the prototype results with post-launch behavioural data.

09 · Validated UI outcome

Turning validated findings into a connected rental journey

The final interface connected three moments that previously felt fragmented: choosing a charger-less station, keeping the return reservation visible during the rental and completing end rental with clear vehicle checks and QR guidance.

Three BlueSG mobile screens showing charger-less station selection, an active rental with a reserved parking location, and the guided end-rental flow
Selected high-fidelity screens from the charger-less parking journey, moving from availability and reservation to active-rental reassurance and end-rental confirmation.
01

Choose with confidence

Station, vehicle and parking availability are grouped around one clear reservation decision.

02

Stay oriented

The reserved return location and battery requirement remain visible throughout the active rental.

03

Finish without ambiguity

System checks, parking context and QR instructions make the end-rental sequence explicit.

10 · Constraints and trade-offs

The constraints that shaped the work

These constraints affected the direction, the order of work and the compromises made with the wider team.

01

Third-party infrastructure

The tension

The team could not add charging locations wherever demand existed.

My response

We separated parking confirmation from charging and treated charger-less stations as a distinct service type.

02

Hardware cost and lead time

The tension

A more robust physical installation could improve certainty, but it would delay the pilot and cost more.

My response

I compared the options against effort, cost and time to launch. QR confirmation gave us enough reliability to test the model without committing too early.

03

Operational exceptions

The tension

A simple customer flow still had to account for wrong locations, incomplete evidence and abandoned vehicles.

My response

The future-state journey included system checks and operations exception paths instead of designing only for the happy path.

11 · Evidence

What the evidence shows

<22.5saverage task time
2.5%user error rate
3.95/5average task rating
10prototype tasks tested

The launch data showed movement in the reservation funnel and weekly rentals. Prototype evidence came from four usability sessions covering ten tasks, so I treated those findings as directional rather than population-level proof.

Explore the original discovery board
12 · Outcome

What changed

01

The operating model expanded beyond charging-only stations.

02

Reservation drop-off fell while weekly rentals increased.

03

Operations gained a lower-cost way to manage return locations.

04

The team had a measurement plan for conversion, idle time and support volume.

13 · Reflection

What I learned and would do next

Strongest contribution

The most important move was treating the parking model, the end-rental flow and the operations workflow as one problem. That gave the team a service it could run, not just a cleaner reservation screen.

What I learned

The early workshop stopped us from polishing the reservation flow before we had agreed how a charger-less return could be verified and supported.

What I would do next

I would run a staged station pilot and compare end-rental success, exception rate, vehicle idle time, redistribution effort and support contacts by station type.

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